Unique Identification Authority of India

UIDAI is a 12-digit extraordinary ID number that can be gotten intentionally by all inhabitants of India in view of their biometric and segment information. The data is collected by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), a statutory authority set up by the Government of India in January 2009, following the provisions of Aadhaar on Electronics and Information . Technology is under the locale of the Service of (Monetary and Different Appropriations, Advantages and Administrations) Act, 2016.

Unique Identification Authority

• The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is a statutory authority and a central authority department, installed on 12 July 2016 through theGovernment of India under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology under the provisions of the Aadhaar Act, 2016. ]

• UIDAI is remitted to assign a 12-digit Unique Identification (UID) number (called “Aadhaar”) to all citizens of India.Implementation of the UID scheme involves creation and assignment of UIDs to residents. Clarification of procedures and processes for linking UIDs with partner databases; operation and management of all phases of the UID lifecycle; updating mechanisms and devising policies and procedures to define the use and applicability of UIDs for delivery of various services, among others. [The quantity is connected to the resident’s fundamental demographic and biometric records such asA photograph, ten fingerprints and  iris scans, which can be saved in a significant database.

• It began to be installed via means of the Government of India as an connected workplace in January2009 through a notification in the Gazette of India under the auspices of the Planning Commission. According to the notification, the UIDAI was made responsible for formulating plans and policies for implementing the UID scheme, owning and operating the UID database, and updating and maintaining it on a continuous basis. 

Previous ID card programs

• After the Kargil conflict in 1999, safety analysts took a look at the kingdom of countrywide safety. The Kargil Review Committee was formed under the chairmanship of Subrahmanyam.He submitted his record to the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee on 7 January 2000.Among its numerous pointers turned into an offer to problem identification playing cards on a concern foundation to residents of villages in border areas, such identity cards would later be issued to all people. Live in border states. 

• The Rangarajan Commission set up in 2000 to improve the statistical system in India recommended the establishment of a central database of citizens in India under the chapter of socio-economic statistics. The Commission submitted its file to the Government in August 2001 and its evaluation become noted beneath neath para 9.2.26.

• Many advanced nations and a developing quantity of growing nations, together with China, have databases of their citizens, while also assigning a unique identification number to every adult in the country. Such a completely unique identity range assigned to a citizen will function evidence of his identification for diverse purposes.The biggest benefit is that all this could be looked after with the useful resource of the usage of growing a citizen ID card as proof of man or woman identity.
• Currently, there are various types of cards and means of establishing identity in India, such as Election Identity Card, Income Tax PAN Card, Passport, Ration Card, Driving License, Birth and Education Certificate etc. However, there is no system. Equipped to deal with populace records that are extra than 1 billion in India.

2009–2013

2009

UIDAI have become mounted on 28 January 2009 after the Planning Commission issued a notification.On June 23, Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani become appointed via way of means of the then UPA authorities to go the project.He have become given the newly created position of Chairman of the UIDAI, identical to a Cabinet Minister. In April 2010, the logo and brand name Aadhaar Nilekani modified into launched.In May 2010, Nilekani stated he might aid regulation to guard facts held with the aid of using the UIDAI.

2010

In July 2010, the UIDAI posted a listing of 15 businesses that have been eligible to offer education to employees concerned withinside the enrollment process.It moreover published a list of 220 organizations which have been eligible to participate withinside the enrollment process.Earlier the assignment become simplest in 20 states and had LIC of India and State Bank of India as licensed registrars.This statement delivered numerous personal firms. It is estimated that 31,019 personnel and 155 training centers will be required to achieve the target of 40% population enrollment in two years.It emerged as moreover anticipated that 4,431 enrollment centers and 22,157 enrollment stations might be established.

2011

On three November 2011, former Supreme Court judge VR Krishna Iyer launched a ee-e book “Aadhaar; How a state has been duped” in Kochi. The ee-e book authored by way of means of Mr.PB Jijesh changed into the primary grievance of the Aadhaar project.Speaking at the occasion, Justice VR Krishna Iyer stated that “Aadhaar venture ought to now no longer be applied as it amounts to invasion of privacy and fundamental rights of individuals and is only suitable for fascist nations.  “Citation required.

2012

On 7 February 2012, UIDAI launched an internet verification gadget for Aadhaar numbers.Using this system, banks, telecom businesses and authorities departments ought to input an Aadhaar range and affirm whether or not the man or woman turned into a resident of India.

On 26 November 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh launched the Aadhaar-associated direct benefit transfer scheme.The goal of the challenge changed into to cast off leakages withinside the device with the aid of moving the cash at once to the recipient’s financial institution account. The plan turned into to be brought in fifty one districts on 1 January 2013 after which regularly increased throughout India.

2013

In late September 2013, following the Supreme Court ruling, Union Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs and Planning Rajiv Shukla said that he would try to pass the National Identification Authority of India Bill, 2010 in the winter session of Parliament. On 9 October 2013, the National Payments Corporation of India launched an Aadhaar-based totally completely remittance system.Using the system, fee variety may be transferred to any Aadhaar-related monetary institution bills if the Aadhaar range is known.It changed into introduced that an SMS may be used for quantities up to ₹5,000 (US$63) and a cell financial institution app may be used for quantities above that.Around 440 million Aadhaar numbers had been issued via that time.

Major Uses of Aadhaar

Direct Benefit Transfer

The Aadhaar challenge has been related to welfare schemes and unemployment advantage schemes together with the home LPG scheme and MGNREGA.In those Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) schemes, the subsidy quantity is transferred immediately to a financial institution account this is related to Aadhaar. However, earlier, the National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) system. Direct benefit transfer was done quite successfully, which was not dependent on Aadhaar.On 29 July 2011, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the UIDAI.The ministry had was hoping that the ID device might assist give up the lack of sponsored kerosene and LPG. In May 2012, the authorities introduced that it might start issuing Aadhaar-connected MGNREGS cards.

Aadhaar enabled biometric attendance system

In July 2014, Aadhaar-enabled biometric attendance machine become delivered in authorities offices.This device modified into introduced to prevent lateness and absenteeism of government employees.The public can view the everyday inside and out of personnel at the internet site attendance.gov.in.The internet site changed into closed to the general public in October 2014 however changed into reactivated on 24 March 2016. Open to access. Employees use the last four digits of their Aadhaar number (the last eight digits of civil servant registration as of August 2016) and their fingerprints for authentication.

Others make use of primary authorities agencies

• In November 2014, it was said that the Ministry of External Affairs was thinking about making Aadhaar obligatory for passport holders.
• In February 2015, it was reported that those who have an Aadhaar number will have their passports valid for 10 days. will be released within, as it has streamlined the verification process to make it easier to check whether an applicant has a criminal record in the National Crime Records Bureau database.
• In May 2015, it became introduced that the Ministry of External Affairs became trying out linking passports with the Aadhaar database.

Other uses by states

In the Hyderabad area of Telangana state, Aadhaar wide variety turned into ration cards to dispose of reproduction ration cards.The mission became released in July 2012 and became applied regardless of a 2013 Supreme Court order. Between July 2012 and September 2014, the campaign removed more than 63,932 white category ration cards and 229,757 names from its database. In August 2012, the Andhra Pradesh state government asked citizens Said to hand over illegal ration cards before linking them with Aadhaar number. As of September 2014, (1. 5 million) unlawful ration playing cards have been exceeded out. In April 2015, the nation of Maharashtra ordered all college college students withinside the nation to nicely put in force the Right to Education Act. started to be included in the Aadhaar project.

PVC card

In the year 2020, UIDAI brought PVC Aadhaar card with extra safety capabilities like hologram, microtext, ghost images, guilloche patterns, invisible emblem etc. PVC Aadhaar card may be issued through any Aadhaar holder UIDAI website. can order from.

Criticisms and concerns

Feasibility concerns

• In October 2010, Tata Institute of Social Sciences economist R.Ramakumar wrote in a piece of writing in The Hindu that the mission turned into being carried out with none cost-advantage or feasibility research to check whether or not it’d work.The task will meet its deadlines.He additionally talked about that the authorities is hiding the safety factors of Aadhaar and specializing in social advantage schemes.He quoted former Intelligence Bureau leader Ajit Doval, who stated that Aadhaar changed into initially meant to weed out unlawful aliens.

Lack of regulatory and privateness concerns

• On February 2, 2015, the Supreme Court requested the brand new authorities. To make clear its stand at the project. This became in reaction to a sparkling PIL filed with the aid of using an ex-navy officer Mathew Thomas. Thomas claimed that the authorities become ignoring preceding orders in pushing the plan. And that the plan become unconstitutional as it allowed profiling of citizens. In a reaction on 12 February, the authorities stated it might maintain with the plan. On sixteen July 2015, the authorities petitioned the Supreme Court to set apart its order. Saying it would not be able to provide services for various services. I Want to use Aadhaar. On 21 July 2015, the courtroom docket mentioned that a few states have been insisting on Aadhaar for advantages in spite of its order.
• On eleven August 2015, the Supreme Court directed the authorities. To extensively put it up for sale in print and digital media that Aadhaar. It isn’t always obligatory for any welfare scheme. The courtroom docket additionally referred the petitions claiming unconstitutionality of Aadhaar to the Constitution Bench.
• On 19 July 2017, a nine-choose bench of the Supreme Court. Commenced listening to arguments on whether or not there’s a essential proper to privacy. On 24 August 2017, a nine-choose bench unanimously upheld the proper to privateness as a essential proper below the Constitution.

Legality of sharing records with regulation enforcement agencies

• In 2013, the CBI in Goa was trying to solve a schoolgirl rape case. He approached a nearby courtroom docket in Goa. Announcing that that they’d acquired a few fingerprints from the crime scene. Which will be matched with the UIDAI database. The courtroom docket requested the UIDAI handy over the facts of all people in Goa to the CBI.
• The UIDAI appealed to the Bombay High Court. Pronouncing that accepting this kind of plea might set a precedent for such pleas. The High Court rejected this argument and in an interim order dated February 26, 2014. Directed the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) to study the technical feasibility of the database. To see if it can solve the crime of UIDAI then appealed to the Supreme Court. He argued that the chance of a fake fantasy changed into 0.057%. And with six hundred million human beings in his database this will bring about masses of heaps of fake positives.
• On 24 March 2014, the Supreme Court confined the significant authorities. And the UIDAI from sharing statistics withany third party or agency. Whether public or private, without the written consent of the Aadhaar holder. By every other period in-between the order dated sixteen March 2015. The Supreme Court of India directed the Union of India. And the States and all their officials to comply with the order passed by this Court on 23 September 2013. Made Aadhaar obligatory and requested all organizations to trouble notifications clarifying that it’s miles not.

Land allotment dispute

• In September 2013, the Delhi Development Authority well-known a criticism. Via way of means of activist institution India Against Corruption. And canceled the allotment of land to the UIDAI. The land become in advance owned through BSNL, and MTNL additionally claimed it. It changed into predicted to cost ₹nine billion (US$one hundred ten million). However changed into allocated to the UIDAI at a far inexpensive price.

• The problem of creation of UIDAI headquarters and UIDAI local workplace constructing in Delhi. Became resolved with the Department ofTelecom (DoT). After which the Ministry of Urban Development issued land titles in favor of UIDAI on 21 May 2015.  Issued a notification clearing including anticipated land use.

Security concerns

• In an August 2009 interview with Tehelka, former Intelligence Bureau (IB) chief Ajit Doval. He said that Aadhaar was originally intended to weed out illegal immigrants. But was later replaced by Social Security to avoid privacy concerns. benefits were added.  In December 2011, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance. Led through YashwantSinha, rejected the National Identification Authority of India Bill 2010 and proposed amendments.  He objected to issuing Aadhaar numbers to unlawful immigrants. The committee stated that the plan was being applied in an unplanned way and Parliament was being ignored.
• In May 2013, UIDAI Deputy Director General Ashok Dalwai admitted. That there had been a few mistakes withinside the registration process. Some acquired Aadhaar playing cards with fake photos or fingerprints. According to Aloke Taku of Hindustan Times, some Intelligence Bureau (IB) officials criticized the UIDAI project in September 2013. Officials had said that Aadhaar number cannot be considered as a reliable proof of residence. As beneath neath the liberal pilot phase, in which someone claimed to stay became widespread and recorded as an address.
• In September 2023, impartial analyst Moody’s expressed a challenge about the Aadhaar system. Highlighting its tendency to result in denial of service, particularly in hot, humid waters. Due to the perceived reliability of biometric technologies.   and affecting manual laborers in the air. The Indian authorities has denied Moody’s claims, emphasizing the absence of pronounced protection or privateness breaches inside the Aadhaar system. The Centre’s stand have become confirmed in response to a parliamentary inquiry. In which It surely said that no breach of the Aadhaar database has been reported.

Overlap with National Population Register

• Aadhaar and similar National Population Register (NPR) projects are reported to be in conflict. In January 2012, it became pronounced that UIDAI might percentage its statistics with NPR. And that NPR might maintain to accumulate its statistics. ​​
• In January 2013, the Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde said that Aadhaar is not an identification card. However There is a number, whilst the NPR is essential for country wide protection purposes. The 2013 Supreme Court order did now no longer have an effect on the NPR mission. Because it become now no longer related to any subsidy.

• A assembly was held in July 2014 to speak about the opportunity of complementing the 2 projects Aadhaar and NPR. The assembly turned into attended through Home Minister Rajnath Singh. Law and Justice and Telecom Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad, and Minister of State for Planning Rao Inderjit Singh. Later that month, Rao Inderjit Singh addressed the Lok Sabha. Stated that there are no plans to merge the two projects.

• On 23 September 2019, the then Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced an idea where NPR. And Aadhaar would be in the 2021 census and it is used to create a new national identity document .  However, the UIDAI confirmed that the use of Aadhaar in the 2021 census will be voluntary. Also stating that “the collection of biometrics is not provided for under the citizenship laws”. 

Fraud

• To make Aadhaar handy to the frequently undocumented negative citizens. Acquiring an Aadhaar card does now no longer require good sized documentation, with a couple of alternatives available. In theory, using biometric centers need to lessen or do away with duplication. So, in theory, whilst it could be viable to get a card beneath neath a fake name. It’s far much less probable that someone can get any other Aadhaar card beneath neath a different (or real) name. 

• The digital document is self-signed by a non-internationally recognized certificate authority (n)Code Solutions. A division of Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilizers Company Limited (GNFC) and manually signed on the PC. Need to install.  This is no matter Entrust’s assist in growing the solution.

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